Socio Economic and Antenatal Care Factors as Risk of Low Birth Weight among Primigravida in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia
Hidayatus Sholiha*,and Sri Sumarmi**
*Students at Faculty of Public Health Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
**Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University
*Students at Faculty of Public Health Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
**Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University
Introduction
Low birth weight babies (LBW) is still a problem in developing countries. Low birth weight increases risk of infant mortality and morbidity, impaired immune response, mental disturbances and poor cognitive development. Probolinggo is the one of district areas in East Java with high prevalence of low birth weight, as well as mother and infant mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze characteristics of social, economic, and antenatal care as a risk factors for low birth weight among primigravides in Probolinggo District East Java.
Methods
A case contol study was nested in a longitudinal study. Population were 201 women who gave birth in the main study, with total sample of 39 base on a ratio case:control = 1:2 (case=13, kontrol=26). Control was determined by using cluster random sampling using village as a cluster. The independent variables were the age when pregnant, education level, time duration of work, family income, anxiety towards birth, husband support, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care, quality of antenatal care, food taboo, the consumption of herbs, as well as the exposure of cigarette smoke, and alcohol consumption. The dependent variable was low birth weight. Data collecting was carried ot by using a structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed statistically by using logistic regression (α = 0.05).
Results
Univariate analysis showed that factors affecting LBW were the gestational age (p = 0.00), age at pregnancy (p = 0.03), and level of education (p = 0.023). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that gestational age is the only risk factor of low birth weight (OR = 66; 95% CI; 8.197 to 531,391). Duration of work, family income, anxiety towards birth, husband support, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care, quality of antenatal care, food taboo, the consumption of herbs, tobacco smoke exposure had no effect on low birth weight. This study revealed that the mother who delivered their babies < 37 weeks of gestation (pre term deliveries) had 66 times greater risk of having a low baby weight compared to mothers who delivered their babies > 37 weeks of gestation (at term deliveries). The other variables were not take a rule as a risk factor due to those variables being controlled in the longitudinal study by using control trial design. This findings confirm that the main research was running well controlled for several confounding variables might affecting the effect of intervention. It implies that beside the main intervention, gestational age is the main factor affecting low birth weight among primigravides.
Conclusion
This study revealed that the mother who delivered their babies < 37 weeks of gestation (pre-term deliveries) had 66 times greater risk of having a low baby weight compared to mothers who delivered their babies > 37 weeks of gestation (at term-deliveries). It implies that gestational age is the main factor affecting low birth weight among primigravides.
Keywords : low birth weight, antenatal care, gestational age, primigravides
Paper presented at APACPH 47th, Bandung,Indonesia, October 2015
We greatfuly thank you to Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation for financial support
Low birth weight babies (LBW) is still a problem in developing countries. Low birth weight increases risk of infant mortality and morbidity, impaired immune response, mental disturbances and poor cognitive development. Probolinggo is the one of district areas in East Java with high prevalence of low birth weight, as well as mother and infant mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze characteristics of social, economic, and antenatal care as a risk factors for low birth weight among primigravides in Probolinggo District East Java.
Methods
A case contol study was nested in a longitudinal study. Population were 201 women who gave birth in the main study, with total sample of 39 base on a ratio case:control = 1:2 (case=13, kontrol=26). Control was determined by using cluster random sampling using village as a cluster. The independent variables were the age when pregnant, education level, time duration of work, family income, anxiety towards birth, husband support, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care, quality of antenatal care, food taboo, the consumption of herbs, as well as the exposure of cigarette smoke, and alcohol consumption. The dependent variable was low birth weight. Data collecting was carried ot by using a structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed statistically by using logistic regression (α = 0.05).
Results
Univariate analysis showed that factors affecting LBW were the gestational age (p = 0.00), age at pregnancy (p = 0.03), and level of education (p = 0.023). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that gestational age is the only risk factor of low birth weight (OR = 66; 95% CI; 8.197 to 531,391). Duration of work, family income, anxiety towards birth, husband support, gestational age, frequency of antenatal care, quality of antenatal care, food taboo, the consumption of herbs, tobacco smoke exposure had no effect on low birth weight. This study revealed that the mother who delivered their babies < 37 weeks of gestation (pre term deliveries) had 66 times greater risk of having a low baby weight compared to mothers who delivered their babies > 37 weeks of gestation (at term deliveries). The other variables were not take a rule as a risk factor due to those variables being controlled in the longitudinal study by using control trial design. This findings confirm that the main research was running well controlled for several confounding variables might affecting the effect of intervention. It implies that beside the main intervention, gestational age is the main factor affecting low birth weight among primigravides.
Conclusion
This study revealed that the mother who delivered their babies < 37 weeks of gestation (pre-term deliveries) had 66 times greater risk of having a low baby weight compared to mothers who delivered their babies > 37 weeks of gestation (at term-deliveries). It implies that gestational age is the main factor affecting low birth weight among primigravides.
Keywords : low birth weight, antenatal care, gestational age, primigravides
Paper presented at APACPH 47th, Bandung,Indonesia, October 2015
We greatfuly thank you to Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation for financial support
