Determinants of Early Married and Its Impacts on Bride-to-be in Probolinggo District, East Java Province
Nunik Puspitasari*, Sri Sumarmi* and Mahmudah*
*Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Indonesia
*Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Indonesia
Introduction :
Early marriage usually occurs by arrangement of parents and often is being done by neglecting the girl's best interests. The girls will lose their opportunity to enjoy their childhood or teenage years, continue their educations, and to fully develop into maturity before entering marriage. Some consequences for the girls include forced sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and childbirth at a very young age. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of variables to find the determinants and effects of early marriage on the bride in Probolinggo district.
Methods : A case-control study was conducted at 9 selected sub district areas of Probolinggo District, East Java. The study samples were 116 brides to be, consisting of 58 women who are married at age <18 years old as case group and 58 women who get married at age >18 years old as a control group. All sample were selected from research elsewhere (Sri Sumarmi et al, 2014). There are 23 variables as candidates for determinants and 9 possibly variables that represent the impacts of early marriage.
Result : The candidate variables that associated with the occurrence of early marriage are: 1) the ethnic of the bride, 2) father’s education, 3) mother’s education, 4) the occupational of the bride, 5) education of the bride, and 6) the purpose of marriage. The variables that proven to significantly affect the early marriage (determinants of early marriage) are: 1) the bride's education and 2) purpose of marriage. Variable that significantly represent the impact of early marriage is the independence of women (women's autonomy).
Conclusion : Society and the government are expected to initiate programs that provide the opportunity for young girls to get the access toward higher formal education, provide better employment opportunities, develop potential skills to build their confidence, and for empowering rural youth to become agents of change to prevent the incidence of early marriage among young women.
Key word : early married, anemia, social determinants.
Paper presented at APACPH 46th, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October 2014.
Early marriage usually occurs by arrangement of parents and often is being done by neglecting the girl's best interests. The girls will lose their opportunity to enjoy their childhood or teenage years, continue their educations, and to fully develop into maturity before entering marriage. Some consequences for the girls include forced sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and childbirth at a very young age. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of variables to find the determinants and effects of early marriage on the bride in Probolinggo district.
Methods : A case-control study was conducted at 9 selected sub district areas of Probolinggo District, East Java. The study samples were 116 brides to be, consisting of 58 women who are married at age <18 years old as case group and 58 women who get married at age >18 years old as a control group. All sample were selected from research elsewhere (Sri Sumarmi et al, 2014). There are 23 variables as candidates for determinants and 9 possibly variables that represent the impacts of early marriage.
Result : The candidate variables that associated with the occurrence of early marriage are: 1) the ethnic of the bride, 2) father’s education, 3) mother’s education, 4) the occupational of the bride, 5) education of the bride, and 6) the purpose of marriage. The variables that proven to significantly affect the early marriage (determinants of early marriage) are: 1) the bride's education and 2) purpose of marriage. Variable that significantly represent the impact of early marriage is the independence of women (women's autonomy).
Conclusion : Society and the government are expected to initiate programs that provide the opportunity for young girls to get the access toward higher formal education, provide better employment opportunities, develop potential skills to build their confidence, and for empowering rural youth to become agents of change to prevent the incidence of early marriage among young women.
Key word : early married, anemia, social determinants.
Paper presented at APACPH 46th, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October 2014.
